Definition
ABA (applied behavior analysis) is based on scientific methods and is founded on 7 core dimensions (Baer, Wolf, Risley, 1968). As per Cooper, Heron, and Heward (2007), applied behavior analysis is the science in which the principles of the analysis of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
- Applied: Applied interventions deal with problems of demonstrated social importance.
- Behavioral: Applied interventions deal with measurable behavior (or reports if they can be validated).
- Analytic: Applied interventions require an objective demonstration that the procedures caused the effect.
- Technological: Applied interventions are described well enough that they can be implemented by anyone with training and resources.
- Conceptual Systems: Applied interventions arise from a specific and identifiable theoretical base rather than being a set of packages or tricks.
- Effective: Applied interventions produce strong, socially important effects.
- Generality: Applied interventions are designed from the outset to operate in new environments and continue after the formal treatments have ended.
Behavior Analysis in Early Intervention
Early intervention is the most well known application of behavior analysis. Through early intervention, children with developmental delays benefit from the application if Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). ABA programs will target communication delays, social delays and even academic delays. Through observation and assessment an individualized program is designed for the child. Data based decisions are made to drive the direction of the program. Research shows that individuals who receive early intervention have the best outcome. Depending on the child's need an early intervention program could be as many as 40 hours per week and as little as infrequent consultations. A big part of early intervention is also focus on parent and family training.
Behavior Analysis in the Classroom
One of the key areas of application for Behavior Analysis is in the classroom. Teachers have the daily challenge of managing multiple personalities and behaviors throughout the day. In addition to being used to addressing challenging behaviors, concepts in Behavior Analysis can be implemented in the structure of classroom systems. For example, Behavior Analysis is useful when creating classroom motivational systems (e.g. token economies), addressing behavioral challenges due to learning difficulties, establishing positive group collaboration and many others. The classroom setting is a perfect example of how Behavior Analysis can be applied to address a wide range of behavioral topics.
Behavior Analysis in Parenting
By applying the science of Behavior Analysis to parenting, we add method to the madness. Parenting can often times feel emotionally overwhelming. By looking at behavioral problems more analytically, we can be objective and methodical as we create a reasonable plan to reduce maladaptive behaviors that are effecting the harmony and balance within the family. The same principles are consistent across areas in which Behavior Analysis is applied. The goal is to identify target behaviors, decipher their function and subsequently, create a plan to increase desired behaviors and reduce maladaptive behaviors using positive strategies. Establishing clear and consistent boundaries is fundamental to Behavior Analysis, as well as to positive parenting.